Operation of Assemblers Essay Example for Free

Operation of Assemblers Essay A program written in assembly language is much more readable and understandable than its equivalent in machine code; an assembler is a program which translates assembly language into machine code. The assembler accepts an assembly language program as data, converts mnemonic operation codes (op-codes) to their numeric equivalents, assigns symbolic addresses to memory locations and produces as output the required machine code program. Assembly language is the source program and when translated into machine code it is know as object program. The following programs are written for the BEP/16 programming environment to achieve the following arithmetic operations: a) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a ADD R3, R2 ; R3 = a+b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. b) a b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a SUB R3, R2 ; R3 = a-b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. c) a x b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a MUL R3, R2 ; R3 = a x b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. d) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a SUB R3, R2 ; R3 = a b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a ADD R4, R2 ; R4 = a + b MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. e) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a ADD R3, R2 ; R3 = a + b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a SUB R4, R2 ; R4 = a b MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program.

Franklin :: Essays Papers

Franklin â€Å"The life that Franklin depicts is more than a success story. It is a story of nothing but success. What makes Franklin’s success great is that he does nothing compulsively, irrationally, or out of weakness, but appears to be governed by reason, moderation, and virtue. With his strong sense of identity he seems singularly immune to the workings of the conflict-torn inner self that Yeats called the â€Å"Foul rag-and-bone shop of the heart,† his existence untroubled by stretches of ennui and waste. The absence of a sense of the harshness and inexplicability of life, together with his emphasis on material success is what seemed to allow Franklin to succeed.† (These quotes were taken out of the introduction to Franklin’s autobiography). With all this in mind, I chose to read â€Å"The Autobiography and Other Writings of Benjamin Franklin.† This book as you could tell was written by Benjamin Franklin and it’s publisher is Penguin Classics. The main topic of this biography was the life of Benjamin Franklin and about all of his accomplishments and the hardships that he faced growing up. This autobiography was written in the first person point of view, as a letter that Franklin wrote to his son William. Because of the fact that this book was written by Benjamin Franklin and about Benjamin Franklin, I believed everything that was said but what I disliked was how Franklin wasn’t able to complete this book and how he didn’t spend more time on discussing his major philosophies. The main thesis of this book was the hardship that Franklin was faced with and how he grew up to become the man that he did. I believe that the one sentence that deals with the theme of this autobiography is a quote which Franklin once said; â€Å"I cannot boast of much Success in acquiring the Reality of this Virtue; but I had a good deal with regard to the Appearance of it.† So with the belief that working hard will help achieve goals, Franklin also states, â€Å"If you work hard you will lead a fulfilling life.† A third quote from Franklin's autobiograp hy that states the importance he placed on hard work to achieve success is; â€Å"Industry, Lose no time.-Be always employ'd in something useful.-Cut off all unnecessary Actions.† This shows about how Franklin wasn’t the type of person who waits for something to happened but works hard to achieve his goals.

En Route Essay

D. C Scott’s poem, En Route describes the moment of stillness a train passenger observes as his train is unexpected halted on a train journey. This essay analyses the poem, exploring details of how the journey the passenger intended to take is interrupted, offering him an altogether unexpected journey, one which affords him an opportunity to see his surroundings in a new light. Within this essay I will explore the meaning of the title â€Å"en route† and consider the various meanings that can be attributed to this title as a result of the track followed by the passenger within the poem. The poem starts with an attention grabbing line, â€Å"The train has stopped for no apparent reason in the wilds†. The image presented is that of isolation, a passenger stuck in the middle of nowhere, with a sense of solitude and forbiddance. All around the now still train is further stillness. Winter has frozen the landscape in the same way in which the train has been stopped, â€Å"A frozen lake is level and fretted over†, â€Å"all so still†. The reader is provided with an image of stillness and serenity, the purpose of the train journey, its origin and its destination all become irrelevant and the reader instead becomes heavily involved in the here and now and what is happening in the landscape outside in which the train now sits is so still. The stoppage of the train allows the passenger to look beyond his immediate surroundings within the train to what is actually happening outside his carriage. The delicate and detailed language employed within the poem describes the world outside, â€Å"it seems a tiny landscape in the moonlight†. The landscape that, moments ago would have been a blurred image as the train rushed through, becomes a fascinating scene with multiple levels of life, detail and delicacy. Descriptive lines such as â€Å"wisps of shadows from the naked birches† and â€Å"one almost hears it twinkle as it thaws† provide the reader with a vivid sense of how the passenger is able to scrutinize every minute part of the landscape which surrounds him. These are all things that people generally do not have the time or opportunity to observe as they journey on route from one place to another. Whilst these images are perhaps real and part of nature and life, the passenger seems to perceive them as transitory, â€Å"they’re going fast where all impressions go†. He is preoccupied with his journey, a journey that he values in contrast to the scene he can see. The train represents real direction to him, a solid steel structure which is without emotion and sensuality is, ironically, of more meaning to him that these delicate images. The purity and honesty of the nature that he is afforded the opportunity to view in great detail is something that he sorrowfully perceives as meaningless, â€Å"On a frail substance- images like these, vagaries the unconscious mind receives†. The passenger is unable to change. He intends to carry on with the journey he started and, sadly, dismisses the intimate relationship between himself and the environment in which he lives. The title of the poem En Route has numerous meanings within this poem. The train is clearly en route from one place to another when it is stopped. The stoppage itself is ironic as the train is no longer â€Å"en route†; it is going nowhere at all. However, through the stoppage the passenger is transported from one place to another almost instantaneously. Whereas previously he would have been concerned with the immediate surroundings of his carriage, with the landscape perhaps whirling by quickly outside his window, he is now offered an opportunity to look beyond this, to real life outside his window. These views offer him another route, a possibility to acquaint himself with the real meaning of life. Although he momentarily observes this and appears to emphasize with it in some way, he eventually rejects it as being something that isn’t of real meaning. He instead chooses to continue on his intended route, leaving the reader with the sense that he is on the wrong tracks, failing to be fully appreciative of the images he can see.

Fundamentals of Organizational Communication Essay

Motivation, according to the textbook (Fundamentals of Organizational Communication), is a term to describe interpersonal experiences that influence behavior. Motivation can also be described as unseen internal reactions with which have influenced behavior. This means that we don’t see the actual motivation; it is the behavior that we see. With high motivation, individuals are more likely to complete certain tasks with a positive outcome. It is the driving force that we rely on to help us achieve goals. Who can be labeled a motivator? Anyone, including oneself. Our book mentions a number of social scientists that have studied the concept of motivation for behavior and have developed theories, one of those being American professor of†¦show more content†¦Without having this need met, many people may become lonely and/or become clinically diagnosed with either social anxiety or depression. Maslow defines the next tier in his Hierarchy of Needs, esteem and prestige, as the need to have self-esteem, self-respect, and to be respected by others. As with all the other levels in the hierarchy of needs, esteem and prestige are subjective in that each person has their own definition as to what or how much respect and/or fame they actually want. Sitting at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy is the need for self actualization. Self-actualization can be defined as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. Maslow further clarified this need with the quote, â€Å"What a man can be, he must be.† Another social scientist that also developed a theory on what he believed motivation to be is American psychologist, Frederick Herzberg. He theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independent of each other and called it Motivation-Hygiene Theory. The theory suggests that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not total opposites, meaning that correcting job dissatisfaction will not necessarily improve or produce job satisfaction. He divided his theory into two parts, hygiene factors and motivators; hence the name, Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 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