AIDS - Whats New Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV, , Term Papers

AIDS - What's new ? ------------------- Is the message getting through? We already know enough about AIDS to prevent its spread, but ignorance, complacency, fear and bigotry continue to stop many from taking adequate precautions. We know enough about how the infection is transmitted to protect ourselves from it without resorting to such extremes as mandatory testing, enforced quarantine or total celibacy. But too few people are heeding the AIDS message. Perhaps many simply don't like or want to believe what they hear, preferring to think that AIDS "can't happen to them." Experts repeatedly remind us that infective agents do not discriminate, but can infect any and everyone. Like other communicable diseases, AIDS can strike anyone. It is not necessarily confined to a few high-risk groups. We must all protect ourselves from this infection and teach our children about it in time to take effective precautions. Given the right measures, no one need get AIDS. The pandemic continues: ----------------------- Many of us have forgotten about the virulence of widespread epidemics, such as the 1917/18 influenza pandemic which killed over 21 million people, including 50,000 Canadians. Having been lulled into false security by modern antibiotics and vaccines about our ability to conquer infections, the Western world was ill prepared to cope with the advent of AIDS in 1981. (Retro- spective studies now put the first reported U.S. case of AIDS as far back as 1968.) The arrival of a new and lethal virus caught us off guard. Research suggests that the agent responsible for AIDS probably dates from the 1950s, with a chance infection of humans by a modified Simian virus found in African green monkeys. Whatever its origins, scientists surmise that the disease spread from Africa to the Caribbean and Europe, then to the U.S. Current estimates are that 1.5 to 2 million Americans are now probably HIV carriers, with higher numbers in Central Africa and parts of the Caribbean. Recapping AIDS - the facts: --------------------------- AIDS is an insidious, often fatal but less contagious disease than measles, chicken pox or hepatitis B. AIDS is thought to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) - especially T4-lymphocytes or T-helper cells - and certain other body cells, including the brain. In 1983 and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virus believed to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus now called "human immunodeficiency virus" or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV is basically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rare capacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human cell's own chromosomes (DNA). Once inside a human host cell the retrovirus uses its own enzyme, reverse transcriptase, to copy its genetic code into a DNA molecule which is then incorporated into the host's DNA. The virus becomes an integral part of the person's body, and is subject to control mechanisms by which it can be switched "on" or "off". But the viral DNA may sit hidden and inactive within human cells for years, until some trigger stimulates it to replicate. Thus HIV may not produce illness until its genes are "turned on" five, ten, fifteen or perhaps more years after the initial infection. During the latent period, HIV carriers who harbour the virus without any sign of illness can unknowingly infect others. On average, the dormant virus seems to be triggered into action three to six years after first invading human cells. When switched on, viral replication may speed along, producing new viruses that destroy fresh lymphocytes. As viral replication spreads, the lymphocyte destruction virtually sabotages the entire immune system. In essence, HIV viruses do not kill people, they merely render the immune system defenceless against other "opportunistic: infections, e.g. yeast invasions, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr infections, massive herpes infections, special forms of pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii - the killer in half of all AIDS patients), and otherwise rare malignant tumours (such as Kaposi's sarcoma.) Cofactors may play a crucial contributory role: ----------------------------------------------- What prompts the dormant viral genes suddenly to burst into action and start destroying the immune system is one os the central unsolved challenges about AIDS. Some scientists speculate that HIV replication may

Sustaining Australias rate of economic growth

Sustaining Australias rate of economic growth Introduction The resources boom in Australia has come to an end and has affected the investment in the resources sector. Since April 2012, A$ 150 billion of the intended ventures are either held up or called off as per the government data.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustaining Australias rate of economic growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The withdrawing commodity markets and feeble investment interest have forced mining companies to shift to lower margins (End of Australia’s resources boom hits investment in sector, 2013). The recent ABS survey of firms’ capital expenditure plans declares that the investment in mining sector in 2012-13 was modified from 40% to 20%. Figure 1: Source: Kent, 2013, Para 14 Mining industry has the most influential economic and environmental impacts in Australia’s economy. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) declared that in the year 2005-06 to 2009-1 0 witnessed the increase of 21% in the GVA of mining industry in Australia. The value of mining industry exports doubled in the year 2006-07 and 2010-11(Pimpa, 2013).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The contribution of an industry to the overall production of goods and services in an economy, gross domestic product (GDP) is measured by gross value added (GVA)† (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013, para. 9). Economic growth in Australia since 2000 Australia has been standing out among OECD countries due to its sound economic policies. However, the slow growth of Australia’s economy is because of the financial crisis of 2008-2009. Australia is making efforts for the adjustment in the structural changes that is due to the commodity bang (OECD Economic Surveys Australia, 2012). The recent mining boom initiated in the year 2000 that led to the esca lating cost of commodities linked with mining. The following figure illustrates the rise in the non-rural commodity prices: Fig-4: Non-rural commodity prices: Source: Index of Commodity Prices, Reserve Bank of Australia as cited in Pham et.al, 2013, p.2 The mining boom has affected the Australian economy in some way or the other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustaining Australias rate of economic growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The export companies as well as the struggling import businesses have made the Australian dollar to trim down the price competitiveness in the international market. â€Å"The Reserve Bank of Australia declared that the mining- related commodity prices peaked in August 2011, and are now down by around 23 percent from this peak. There have been sharp falls in Australia’s key mining export commodities, coal and iron ore, but despite this, mining prices still remain at high le vels† (Pham et. al, 2013,p.2). However, the Australian dollar is maintaining its value with respect to mining commodity prices (Pham et. al, 2013). Fig2: The following chart shows the growth in Gross Value Added industry by industry Sources: ABS Cat. No. 5206.0, Australian National Accounts ABS Cat. No. 5249.0, Australian National Accounts, Tourism Satellite Accounts 2010–11 as cited in Pham et.al, 2013, p. 3Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There can be seen significant variation in the economic performance in the different Australian states and regions due to the mining boom (Pham et. al, 2013). Figure 4: The following chart shows Australia’s Gross Domestic product growth Source: ABS Cat. No. 5206.0, Australian National Accounts as cited in Pham et.al, 2013, p. 3 Sustaining economic growth in future The constant uninterrupted economic growth of Australia for past two decades will sustain in two conditions in near future: 1) the potency and span of the resources boom; and 2) productivity growth. Australia’s income growth in near future will depend upon maintaining a scenario that involves returning productivity growth to its historical standards, maintaining the terms of trade bringing all the advanced ventures and three-quarters of the partially developed projects to the stream. However, that too would ensure only 3.7 percent income growth as compared to the standard growth of 4.1 in the past. But the w orst-case scenario is draws attention that suggests that the terms of trade is leaning toward their long term average there is likely to be only two-thirds of advanced capital projects and one-third of the less advanced projects coming to realization and suggests no development in the current productivity growth. This sobering scenario may be threatening to the Australian income growth of 0.5 percent till 2017. Figure 5: Source: Taylor et.al, 2013, p.4 Mining and non-mining Sectors Conventionally, the economy of Australia can be divided into two-speed economy. One is a flourishing resources segment and the other comprises of all other gradually developing segments. However, it is wise to see Australia’s economy divided into four parts. The following figure illustrates the four sectors with respect to their link with the resources. Figure 6: Source: Taylor, et.al,2013,p.5 Resources sectors: Enforce capital productivity for successful investment According to Shann (2012), the speedy growth yet decreasing capital productivity in the resource sector has been evident in Australia’s economy. The lowest ridge in the scenarios for future income escalation is suggestive that future investment in the resource sector will surpass the previvious levels of income growth. There is an urgent need to get the capital productivity right that may lead to the prospective income growth (as cited in Taylor et. al, 2013). To capture the gains, it is necessary that the individual companies and the policy makers work together. Government is required to provide support through providing environmental approvals, development of the infrastructure, and enhancing industrial relations so that there can be balance maintained between growth and other social good. Resource rider sectors: Need to improve efficiency The other sectors like transport and professional services have also been affected by the mining energy boom; however, these have witnessed decrease in productivity. â€Å"These sectors attracted the vast majority of the overall economy’s increase in labor from 2005 to 201, but the contribution of labour productivity to sector output fell to zero during this period† (Taylor et.al 2012,p.6). It is important that new ways and more integrated cross-sector approach in resource productivity should be incorporated to make the infrastructure development more cost efficient. Local services: committing again to microeconomic reform Local services like retail trade and telecommunications do not exhibit any major impact of the resources boom. These sectors have shown solid productivity growth of A$49 billion to the overall income growth in 2005-2011. It is important that efforts from the individual companies in the form of innovative operating representation and government’s endeavor to rationalize regulation, promote improvement and encourage competitive markets can boost productivity. For this purpose, Australia needs to adopt the mi croeconomic reform as it did in 1990s. Manufacturing: Creating the base for long-term competitiveness Australia has seen continuing erosion in manufacturing productivity and employment. There has been a significant decrease in the capital productivity in the past six years except for the limited counterbalance created by the labor productivity. Improvement in the manufacturing sector can be derived through further cost efficiencies in the subsectors that contend mainly on price, enhancing labour mobility in the manufacturing sector along with a strong and facilitating ecosystem for bringing novelty in manufacturing. These measures can bring extra national income of about A$ 90 billion a year and sustain the historic scenario by 2017(Taylor et.al, 2013). Outlook It is difficult to state with surety when the climax will come about and the speed at which the mining investment will descend as a share of GDP. The decisive factors will be the actions taken on the uncommitted ventures and the speed of development in the existing projects along with the degree and features of the added overruns. However, there is a possibility of increased mining investment for quite some time as a huge bulk of work is still in progress. With the mining investment becoming weaker, it will enter upon the set phase of mining boom. The exports will rise as a reaction to the investment that has been taken on. The manifested growth in the resources like iron ore, coal and LNG exports for some time is suggestive of the further growth in these resources from 2015. Figure 7: Source: Kent, 2013, Para 14 Conclusion The trend in the mining investment reflects that the economic growth will be a little less around and will pick up later in 2014.As the growth rate of sectors other than the resources sector is gradual, it is better to observe the signs for some more time (Kent, 2013). References Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013, Mining Industry, Australia, cat. no. 301.0, ABS, Canberra, from Au sStats database End of Australia’s resources boom hits investment in sector 2013, livemint.com/Politics/LdMPCrTJ3fWbnBCgqSNCkM/End-of-Australias-resources-boom-hits-investment-in-sector.html Kent, C, 2013, Reflections on China and Mining Investment in Australia , Reserve Bank of Australia, rba.gov.au/speeches/2013/sp-ag-150213.html OECD Economic Surveys AUSTRALIA 2012, oecd.org/eco/surveys/Australia%20overview%20Eng.pdf Pham, T D, Bailey, G Marshall, J, 2013, The economic impact of the current mining boom on the Australian tourism industry, ret.gov.au/tourism/Documents/tra/publications/2013/Economic_Impact_of_the_Current_Mining_Boom.pdf Pimpa, N, 2013, Australian mining industry: development or detriment?, Online Opinion, onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=14645 Taylor, C, Bradley, C, Dobbs, R, Thompson, F Clifton, D, 2013, Beyond the boom: Australia’s productivity imperative, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2ved=0CDcQFjABurl=http%3A%2F %2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2FMcKinsey%2Fdotcom%2FInsights%2520and%2520pubs%2FMGI%2FResearch%2FProductivity%2520Competitiveness%2520and%2520Growth%2FAustralia%2520productivity%2520imperative%2FMGI_August_2012_Australia_Full_report.ashxei=mNGdUYbnJsjPrQfYnoD4DAusg=AFQjCNF5twtF-e6uX3AhOctN_olMhQHVbAsig2=cCERmMz1A53qLU43lFInJg

The Effects of Competition, Predation and Disturbance Essay

The Effects of Competition, Predation and Disturbance - Essay Example The predator is the population that attacks and hunts the prey population for survival. The process of predation ultimately leads to the death of the prey in cases which are either intentionally or unintentionally and also directly or indirectly undertaken by the predator. The said process then can be defined as consumption of the prey population. There are different types of predation that are undertaken by the four types of predators namely the true predators, the grazers, the parasitoids and the parasites. The said classification is based on the type of action wherein the process of predation is completed. The process of predation can result in different effects which can either be beneficial or detrimental to the prey population, predator population and the ecosystem in general. One of the most important effects of predation is the maintenance of balance between species population by prevention of the domination of a single type of organism in a community. The said process can be attributed to the action undertaken by the predators. For that matter, predation can be beneficial to the predators. On the other hand, the prey population is the main group that can achieve the detrimental effects of the process of predation. Although this is the case, due to the interactions of the different organisms in an ecosystem as exemplified by the food web and food chain, an organism can be a prey of a larger species while at the same time a predator of a smaller species. This process of interaction is the main cause for the achievement of the ultimate balance in the ecosystem. One of the ways to better understand the predator-prey interaction is through the use of the Lotka-Volterra model.  

IP4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IP4 - Essay Example Pioch (2002) described the era as associated with religious art. Baroque period is characterized by vigorous movement and emotional intensity associated with Baroque art in its primary meaning. Much Hellenistic sculpture could therefore be described as `baroque'. The older meaning of the word means `capricious', `overwrought' or `florid' (Pioch, 2002). Caravaggio and Annibale Carracci are the two great figures who stand at the head of the Baroque tradition, bringing a new solidity and weightiness to Italian painting, which in the late 16th century has generally been artificial and often convoluted in style (Pioch, 2002). The two artists are considered to have their own style in which Annibale's work has an exuberance that is completely his own, and Caravaggio created figures with an unprecedented sense of sheer physical presence (Pioch, 2002). These two major artists have great influences of their own and fusing these influences, the Baroque area arose (Pioch, 2002). Baroque artists inherited from the mannerist style the movement and fervent emotion and solidity and grandeur from Rennaisance style (Pioch, 2002). The Deposition from the Cross is an artwork made by oil in canvas. This is considered one of the greatest works of Caravaggio. In this artwork, the artist did not really portray the Burial or Deposition in the conventional way.

Seagull play by anton chekhov Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seagull play by anton chekhov - Research Paper Example He helped his father who ran a small business of provisions that was quite unsuccessful. However, it was during these hard days at his father’s shop that he observed and listened to some interesting stories from those who visited. During the summers he went to stay with his grandfather who had become the manager of an estate near Taganrog. He loved spending his time with the peasants who worked on the estate and enjoyed fishing and roaming about in the countryside. When Chekhov was around fourteen years old, his father moved the family to Moscow and he was relieved from working in his father’s shop. It was then that he began to make good progress in his studies and finally became a student of medicine. In his attempt to help his family, he led the dual life of student and author and it is with these experiences he emerged as a blazing genius of both wit and compassion. The characters in Chekhov’s story are most endearing as some of them long for love but do not g et it and some of them experience love but do not fulfill it. The main characters in the play are Treplev, a playwright who is anxiously getting things ready to stage his first play that is both abstract and symbolic in meaning. He loves and adores Nina, an actress who does not reciprocate his love till the end of the story. Nina on the other hand, is shown to pursue Trigorin, a creator, because she becomes in awe of him, but is left bereft of his love in the end. She goes to the extent of having an affair with him, becoming pregnant and even suffering the loss of her baby, but she does not win his love till the end. One of the other main characters in the story is Treplev’s mother Arkadina, who is a quite a celebrated actress and loves Trigorin. On the other hand, Trigorin seems to be playing double shuffle between Arkadina and Nina, professing his love to each of them at different times. Arkadina is selfish and self-centered and shows her dislike for her son Treplev’ s play. She rudely interrupts the play several times until Treplev is forced to bring the curtains down on the play. Though her son longs for her love and acceptance, she is too conceited to realize and reciprocate his love, neither does she show him any sympathy or encouragement. Medvedenko, who is a poor school teacher, is madly in love with Masha who is the daughter of Shamraye, the manager of an estate. Masha tells Medvedenko in clear terms that though she knows that he loves her, she cannot love him in return. But finally we find that both of them come to terms with their feelings for each other and get married and settle down. The Seagull depicts a poignant love story that focuses its attention on the playwright’s tragic love quest for Nina, the beautiful actress who rejects his sincere love. He craves to be loved and admired by Nina, who does not reciprocate his love in the least. When his play does not turn out successful he is ridiculed and scoffed at by his mother a nd all those around her. He yearns for solace from Nina but receives nothing from her. In quite a symbolic manner he brings a dead seagull and places it at her feet and tells her that she does not love him because his play was not a success. Chekhov uses the dying seagull to symbolize the pain of defeat and suffering and its acceptance through death. All the other characters in the play support the theme of unrequited love by reflecting the pain and suffering of their own lives. While

Digital Media And Print Media: Dying Out

Digital Media And Print Media: Dying Out With reference to the presentation of Fenna Statz on the 14th of December, in which we spoke about the problem that due to digital media, print media no longer will exist in the near future. I hereby want to talk about the problem, to offer a conclusion and a solution. The problem is that print media is dying. Since the first facts of electronic media and print media has always felt an undue threat. First was the radio and then to the television. Now the internet is apparently up against the vast and widely spread print media. Or print media is dying, is a question that a lot of marketers ask themselves from time to time. Whether they believe in the power of the printed word or choose to put all their advertising dollars into digital media. This report is to provide you more detailed information about the problem that print media is dying and if it will exist in the near future. Everyone knows already what digital media is, but most of the people have no idea what it is and how it can help you out when it comes to marketing. It is very important that you get up to speed so you can use this to benefit your business. In fact digital media refers to any type of electronic media out there. Today media has accessed in many ways, including with hand held devices like mobile phones, laptops, desktops, mp3 players, and more. The digital media will take over the world. You can read everything on the internet and everybody has their own network, like social media. Social networking sites are the websites using which you can make new friends and find out your old friends. Not only making and finding friends you can also find many other services available in networking sites. Usually all the networking sites work in a similar way. The difference is just of rules and regulations. Usually people who join these sites have some common reasons like finding old friends, makin g new friends, dating, religion, etcetera. There are many forms of social media, the most common are: Twitter, Facebook and MySpace. Facebook is the largest social networking site for people connecting with friends and others. More than 500 million people are active users on Facebook, 50% of the active users log on to Facebook in any given day. The average user has 130 friends and people spend over 700 billion minutes per month on Facebook. MySpace is the same platform as Facebook, and is commonly referred to as a place for friends. Twitter has 190 million accounts. Almost 91 percent of the Dutch youth is active in the social media. This includes the Dutch youth to the top of the European Union. Only Polish people make more use of social media almost 94 percent. The use of social media decreases with age. In the age group 25 to 55 years, the proportion of those active in social networks in the Netherlands and 54 percent of the age of 55 to 75 years just over 30 percent. Print media advertising is exactly what it says, it is advertising in a print media arena. The two most forms of print media advertising are newspapers and magazines. Print media also includes many other advertising like: Posters on buses, trains, toilet rooms, subways and a lot of other thing. Also outdoor billboards, ads in phone books, flyers, etcetera. The proportion of Dutch says that someone in their household has subscribed to a newspaper, decrease from 62 percent in 1997 to 50 percent in 2008. This decrease may be related to the emergence of a number of free newspapers. I think that in the future the people will read the news on the internet. News breaks are much faster online than in any other medium, except for live television. From all that facts of above it can be concludes that now it is very clear where the trend is headed, so no doubt, print media in its traditional form will decline. But I do not think that it will cease to exist in 10 years. Printed media will be less, but there will always be a need for a printed copy by the people. With print media you can share it and you can move it. So keep that fact in your mind if you develop a media strategy. Studies have shown that print advertising has a lower ROI and that should bring down the cost of advertising soon. Think of it is a non expensive channel to advertise. While we are used to accessing news in real time from the web, print media will still have a role in providing content where timing is not an issue. And the transition to a digital world will not be accomplished within 10 years. I think that will take over more than 100 years. The government could not forbid the newspapers because it will be always a need by many people.

Economic system in Egypt :: essays research papers

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN EGYPT PRIVATE SECTOR: Ready for action As Egypt is known for it’s mixed economic system ,Compared with other emerging markets, Egypt's private sector is tiny. The public sector still accounts for almost 70 per cent of GDP despite the fact that hundreds of public enterprises have been wholly or partly privatised during the past four years. Judging, however, by the rapid growth of some of the country's largest family-owned businesses, this is unlikely to hold true five years from now. Raouf Ghabbour, chairman of Ghabbour Group, a family business and the country's largest assembler and distributor of motor vehicles, says there are hundreds of medium-sized companies which are growing fast enough to qualify for joint-stock status within three or four years. Ghabbour Group is one of only a dozen or so unlisted private sector companies with a turnover of more than EÂ £1bn. This is considered a minimum threshold for a company to launch a successful public listing. "Our turnover has been growing at about 25 per cent a year this decade," says Mr Ghabbour. "There are countless small and medium-sized companies with this kind of growth rate." Much like Orascom, Egypt's largest family-owned group, which has interests ranging from tourism to telecoms separated into several publicly listed companies, Ghabbour has been converted to the benefits of going public. The car assembler, which also has a growing consumer loan subsidiary, hopes to offer 10 to 15 per cent of its equity in an initial public offering later this year. Others, including IGI, a diversified family-owned group with interests in manufacturing, dairy farming and petroleum, are thinking along similar lines. "There are probably about 10 or 12 family companies with similar plans," says Khaled Sheta, chief executive of International Group for Investment. "All of them will be quoted in a year or two from now." Mr Sheta provides justification for such a move. "Opening your books to the public acts as a good business discipline on managers and enables you to value your assets more accurately," he says. It is also, of course, a handy way of raising capital without having to cede majority control of the company. Indeed, for the few that have achieved genuine nation-wide market share in their industries, there is little choice but to go public or offer stakes to strategic investors if they want to continue expanding. Being so small in number, companies such as Ghabbour and Mansour, which has the Coca-Cola and McDonald's franchise in Egypt, are inevitably bumping up against credit limits to their banks.

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Essay

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level .c rs om 1123/11 ENGLISH LANGUAGE Paper 1 Writing Additional Materials: * 4 0 7 9 5 7 8 4 2 9 * October/November 2011 1 hour 30 minutes Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer both Section One and Section Two. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (CW) 33870/3  © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 Section 1: Directed Writing You are advised to write between 200 and 300 words. Total marks for this part: 30. Task Recently you witnessed a major disturbance at a railway station when many people were injured. You are asked by the local police to write an account of what you saw. Write your account. You must include the following: †¢ when and where the incident happened and how close you were to the scene the cause of the disturbance and what exactly happened some of the ways in which people tried to help. †¢ †¢ Cover all three points above in detail. You should make your account informative and helpful for the police to show you are a reliable witness. Start your account ‘To the Police†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and remember to add your signature and the date.  © UCLES 2011 1123/11/O/N/11 3 Section 2: Creative Writing Begin your answer on a fresh page. Write on one of the following topics. At the head of your essay put the number of the topic you have chosen. You are advised to write between 350 and 500 words. Total marks for this part: 30. 1 Describe a time when you prefer to be alone and a time when you like to be part of a crowd. (Remember that you are describing the atmosphere and your feelings, not telling a story.) 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of attending either a small school with few students or a large school with many students? 3 Write a story which includes the sentence: ‘As we entered the building, the other people smiled as if they knew something we did not.’ 4 Bullies. 5 Write a story about someone who returned to a village or town after a long time away. (You should include full details of why the person went away to show that it is an important part of your story.)  © UCLES 2011 1123/11/O/N/11 4 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.  © UCLES 2011 1123/11/O/N/11

Education Vocabulary for English Learners

Education Vocabulary for English Learners Learn English vocabulary related to education to use when discussing various subjects at university. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning.   Subjects Archaeology - Archaeology explores humanities past civilizations.Art - Art can refer to painting or to to arts in general such as music, dancing, etc.Business studies - Many students choose business studies in these times of globalization.Dance - Dance is an elegant art form which uses the body as a brush.Drama - Good drama can move you to tears, as well as hold you in suspense.Economics - The study of economics might be useful for a business degree.Geography - If you study geography, youll know which country is located on any continent.Geology - Id love to know more about geology. Ive always wondered about rocks.history - Some believe that history is much older than we are led to believe.home economics - Home economics will teach you how to run an efficient home on a budget.Foreign (modern) languages - Its important to learn at least one foreign language in your life.Math - Ive always found simple math easy.Mathematics - The study of higher mathematics is required for a computer pro gramming degree. Music - Understanding the biography of great composers is an important part of studying music.Physical education - Children up to the age 16 should be encouraged to participate in physical education classes.Psychology - The study of psychology will help you understand how the mind words.Religious education - Religious education will teach you about the wide variety of religious experiences.Science - Science is an important part of a well-rounded education.Biology - Biology will help you learn how human beings are put together.Chemistry - Chemistry will help you understand how earths elements affect each other.Botany - The study of botany leads to an understanding of different types of plants.Physics - Physics explains how the real world functions.Sociology - If you are interested in understanding different cultures, take a sociology class.Technology - Technology is found in almost every classroom of a typical school. Exams Cheat- Dont ever cheat on a test. Its not worth it!Examine - Its important to examine all the evidence when drawing a conclusion.Examiner - The examiner makes sure nobody at the test cheats.Examination - The examination should last three hours.Fail - Im afraid I might fail the test!Get through - Peter got through to the fourth grade.Pass - Dont worry. Im sure youll pass the test.Take / sit an exam - I had to sit a long exam last week.Retake - Some professors allow students to retake tests if theyve done poorly.Revise for - Its a good idea to revise for any test you take by reviewing your notes.Study for - I need to study for a quiz tomorrow morning.Test - What time is your mathematics test today? Qualifications Certificate - He earned a certificate in computer maintenance.Degree - I have a degree from the Eastman School of Music.BA - (Bachelor of Arts)  She earned her BA from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.MA - (Master of Arts) Peter wants to take an MA in business.B.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) Jennifer is working on a B.Sc. with a major in biology.M.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) If you earn a M.Sc. from Stanford, you wont need to worry about getting a job.Ph.D. - (Doctorate Degree) Some people take years to finish a Ph.D.Diploma - You can earn a diploma to add to your qualifications.   People Dean - Alan is the dean of faculty at that school.Graduate - Hes a graduate of the local university.Head-teacher - You should speak to the head teacher.Infant - Some parents put their infants in day-care.Lecturer - The lecturer in law was very boring today.Pupil - Good pupils dont cheat on tests.Student - A good student takes notes during a lecture.Teacher - The teacher will answer any questions you have.Instructor - Hes an instructor of computer science at the high school.Undergraduate - The undergraduate had a great time at college.

Photography Essays - Sierra Club, Ansel Adams, Hypochondriacs

Photography Essays - Sierra Club, Ansel Adams, Hypochondriacs Photography Today it has become a truism to say that the medium of photography is light. But the skill required to capture that light in ways that celebrates its beauty and mystery has been mastered as fully by Ansel Adams as by almost any other twentieth-century photographer. And it seems highly appropriate that the name of the exhibition contains the words FIAT LUX: let there be light, As a case in point we may contemplate the beautiful fragment of Bristlecone Pine Wood at the White Mountain High Altitude Station. Here the stark light-dark-light contrasts reveal Adams at his best. While the sunset's light accentuates the shapes of the wood at its edges, so that it glows with luminescence, the darker tonalities remind us that this fragment is as much dead as it is alive, and thus reminds us of our own mortality. For me this image also suggests that we pay greater attention to the cultivation and preservation of nature, its delicate balances, which, when neglected, lead to devastation, as is occurring in the rain forests of Brazil. Even in juxtaposition with death, however, this lovely Adams image speaks of the glory of life. I don't know of a more spectacular view than the one from the top of the Berkeley hills across the San Francisco Bay toward the city, and the Golden Gate Bridge in the distance. The silent serenity of this photograph contrasts markedly with the devastation of recent events. As beautiful as this image is we also know that many areas of the greater area of the San Francisco Bay are polluted. In a photograph taken from the Lick Observatory the scientific facility is not visible, but we still, with the knowledge of the vantage point from which it was taken, sense the precarious balances of nature and technology, which so universally threaten the existence of both, including threats to outer space, reminding us to heed the ever-increasing warnings of pollution. The misty delicacy which characterizes this photograph of rolling hills, outlined with light, and trees, which are threatened by drought, makes us wonder how long these species will remain. Whether young or old, located in a city, or in more remote environs, whether researching the fruits of the earth or the mysteries of outer space, these never-before-exhibited images provide a wealth of visual information about the varieties and richnesses of our world.

A Child's Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings Essay

A Child's Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings - Essay Example Talking does not offer a comprehensive medium of expression. According to Golomb (pp. 42), a child’s hidden feelings can only be expressed by art, specifically drawings. Be it small or a large drawing so much can be said from the piece of art. Other than career and professional drawings, drawings have been used to detect the feeling in most children who undergo psychological problems. In some instances drawings as an art has been used as anger management tool. This is an indication on how important art is in managing of human emotion. In an argument by Herne, Cox & Watts (pp. 115), a child’s drawings expresses about 75% of their internal feelings both emotional and psychological. In interpreting the drawings psychologists consider color, size, location of characters, characters, page location, font and shading type and the facial expression of child when drawing an image or character. Apart from the expression of feelings, drawings at different ages in children denote t heir psychological growth. From scribbling to real images and drawings is one notable feature in child development when drawings are concerned. It is this fact that has enabled me to come up with the theory that â€Å"a child’s drawing expresses their psychological ability and feelings†. This paper will focus on how drawings show a child psychological growth and interpretation... This stage is known as fortuitous realism. At this stage a child understands scribbling as the best work of art they can achieve. However, as much as scribbling can be seen as insignificant, the way scribbling is done by a child can tell more about their emotion and psychology. Some children may scribble dark scribbles while at times scribble gentler and light scribbles. According to the American Counseling Association (pp. 34) this may denote anger or frustration and also satisfaction and happiness respectively. The second stage occurs between the ages of 4 – 7. This stage is known as preschematic stage. This stage is categorized into two stages of development. The stages are failed and intellectual realism. In the failed realism a child draws elements that are completely unrelated from the real image of the element. Intellectual realism is when a child draws an element from their knowledge. For instance, a child may draw a cup since the image is in their brain. The third sta ge of development is the schematic stage. The stage comes up between the ages of 8 – 9. In this stage a child draws what they see. The element shows the features of the real image. This is aimed at transferring their visual sense to the mental sense then the interpretation follows. It is also noted that this point kids differ from the accuracy of their drawings. At this point is where the visual and interpretation abilities of children are noted. Different children have different visual and interpretation prowess. This indicates that the psychology of children differs depending on their mental abilities. The three stages show that drawings effectively indicate the psychological growth and strength of children.

Xuyu Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Xuyu - Coursework Example In addition, the feeling improves children self-image and social relations. Marla is highly vulnerable to develop prejudices than Jane because of her negative attitude towards Bernadette’s situation. She criticizes Bernadate, yet fails to analyze possible causes for her poor performance. However, Jane is more understanding and supportive. Despite Bernadate’s poor performance, she understands the impact of divorce on concentration. Conversely, Marla lacks personal skills to understand the feeling of others, and control of negative thoughts. Older childrens ability to analyze information improves their perspective taking, emotional and moral understanding of themselves and others. Thus, mature children easily comprehend life difficulties and appreciate role of their friends. For instance, older children analyze and strive to fit in friends’ situations in times of challenges. The children offer moral support to their friends because they fully know impacts of life experiences. I never attended integrated elementary school. However, benefits of integrated school in child development and reduction of ethnic and racial and prejudice are enormous. The schools facilitate cross-cultural understanding. Principally, integrated schools minimize cross-racial discrimination, damaging bias and